Key Takeaways
- Elon Musk has achieved remarkable success with companies like Tesla and SpaceX, but he’s also faced major setbacks across several ventures.
- His Twitter acquisition stirred controversy while Tesla dealt with “production hell”, leading to delays and quality control issues.
- SpaceX narrowly avoided bankruptcy after multiple Falcon 1 failures, while SolarCity’s acquisition by Tesla raised concerns.
- Other ventures, such as The Boring Company, Neuralink, and OpenAI, encountered delays, regulatory challenges, and disagreements.
Elon Musk is one of the most influential people of the 21st century and also the richest man in the world, with more than $240 billion in assets. Musk has built an empire across industries from electric vehicles and space travel to artificial intelligence.
Known for his unrelenting drive and ambitious goals, Musk’s investments feature Tesla, SpaceX, Neuralink, and several other pioneering ventures. While many know him for his successes, Musk’s journey includes a series of setbacks that have tested his resilience and vision.
In this article, we’ll explore Musk’s biggest business failures and the lessons that came from them.
Elon Musk’s Biggest Business Failures
Even with his impressive track history of success, Elon Musk’s career has been marked by ambitious pursuits that have not always gone as planned. Here are some of his biggest business failures and what they reveal about the risks of innovation.
1) Musk’s Black Monday
The week of March 10, 2025 may well go down as the most challenging week of Elon Musk’s career, with a growing Tesla boycott, plummeting Tesla stock prices, a rocket failure and massive cyber attack on X all converging to create the perfect storm for the tech CEO.
The week opened with a mid-air SpaceX rocket explosion, with videos of the failed launch serving as a portent of the disastrous days to follow for Musk.
As a Tesla boycott movement gained momentum globally, Tesla stock plummeted over 15%, marking its steepest single-day decline in nearly five years. This sharp drop contributed to a staggering 50% loss in Tesla’s stock value since mid-December 2024, raising serious concerns among investors about the company’s future and Musk’s leadership.
Meanwhile, growing public anger toward Musk saw protesters targeting Tesla dealerships and even individual owners of the vehicle brand, leading to vandalism. These actions were in response to CEO’s controversial role in the Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE) under President Donald Trump.
Compounding matters, Musk’s social media platform, X, experienced a massive cyberattack on the same day. The attack, attributed to the pro-Palestinian hacker group “The Dark Storm Team” led to widespread service disruptions, leaving thousands of users unable to access their accounts. Although service was quickly restored, the breach exposed vulnerabilities in X’s cybersecurity measures.
Lastly, distrust of Musk’s leadership in the Department of Government Efficiency soared on Polymarket. The odds for Musk resigning DOGE before July climbed to 100%, giving a good idea of the community sentiment on the platform.
2) The Acquisition of Twitter and Its Drop in Value
Musk’s acquisition of Twitter has arguably been one of his most controversial moves to date. He acquired the social media platform in late 2022, with the aim of promoting free speech and reducing content moderation. However, the acquisition has been costly, with Musk paying approximately $44 billion.
Since then, Twitter’s revenue has struggled. A wave of legacy Twitter users chose to delete their X accounts in light of policy changes, in turn causing advertisers to pull away from the platform. There have also been a raft of well-documented controversies surrounding Musk’s new management style. Despite this, Musk has introduced policies promoting free speech and implemented new monetization features for content creators. While it remains unclear whether Twitter will turn profitable under Musk’s leadership, his willingness to experiment with new models may yet shape the platform’s future. One thing is certain though, Twitter’s price has plummeted to less than 25% of what Elon paid for it.
The ongoing evolution of Twitter under Musk emphasizes the need for adaptability and innovation in the digital landscape.
3) Tesla’s Production Delays, “Production Hell,” and Quality Control
Tesla transformed the automotive landscape, but it has faced several stumbling blocks. In 2017, Musk famously declared that the company was going through “production hell” as it attempted to scale production of its more affordable Model 3. This came a year after the company failed to meet demand for the Model X causing some customers to wait for 18 months. Tesla struggled to meet production targets, experiencing delays that frustrated customers and investors alike.
Quality control issues also plagued the Model 3 and Model S, with reports of inconsistent build quality, problems with battery life, and unexpected software malfunctions. While Tesla overcame these issues, the production delays strained Tesla’s financial health and nearly halted its growth.
Tesla’s experience underscored the importance of realistic production timelines and maintaining high standards despite aggressive growth targets.
4) SpaceX: Early Falcon 1 Failures and Near Bankruptcy
SpaceX is currently redefining space travel but things weren’t always great for the company. In fact, the journey to profitability was perilous. In its early days, SpaceX faced failure after failure with its Falcon 1 rocket, suffering three consecutive launch failures between 2006 and 2008.
As a result, the company’s finances suffered, and the pressure to succeed mounted. In 2008, SpaceX finally succeeded with the fourth Falcon 1 launch, just as the company was running out of funds. A NASA contract secured shortly afterward saved SpaceX from bankruptcy and enabled the company to continue its mission.
But that wasn’t the end of the SpaceX explosions. Another one occurred in 2016 when the company tried to launch a rocket from Florida.
On 17 January 2025, during a space exploration contest between Elon Musk and Jeff Bezos, Space X suffered another setback. Minutes after launching the Space X Starship on January 16, 2025, from Texas, contact was lost with it. While the booster made a successful return, the Starship rocket exploded, forcing flights near the Gulf of Mexico to divert course to avoid debris. Thankfully, the rocket had no crew members and only carried dummy satellites.
The timing of the disaster probably added an extra sting for Musk, coming amid a public space race with business rival Jeff Bezos. The Amazon founder launched a rocket of his own with Blue Origin successfully reaching orbit. Ironically, Blue Origin failed to land its rocket booster, turning it into a perfect mirror of the Space X incident. This led to Musk trying to laugh the incidents off, calling Jezz Bezos his stepbrother.
Less than two months later we saw another one of the Elon Musk failures. On 6 March 2025, Space X suffered yet another casualty when the company’s starship exploded in space. The incident occurred minutes after a successful launch from Texas. Users captured the raining debris on video over Florida and the Bahamas.
Even in the face of failure, Musk’s persistence made the difference. SpaceX’s story highlights the need for contingency planning and financial backup, especially in high-risk industries.
5) PayPal Struggles and Losing CEO Position
In 1999, Elon Musk created a financial payments company called X.com. A year later, it merged with Confinity and led to the creation of PayPal, the online payment platform that still exists to this day. The founders of PayPal included Elon Musk, Peter Thiel, Max Levchin, Luke Nosek, Ken Howery, and Yu Pan. Musk assumed the role of CEO for less than a year before eventually getting ousted by the board.
In September 2000, while Musk was on a honeymoon with his wife, the board of directors decided to remove him from the position of CEO. As a result, Peter Thielf became the new CEO of PayPal. This came as a surprise to Musk but it proved to be a blessing in disguise. In 2002, eBay purchased PayPal for $1.5 billion, netting Musk $250 million. He used the funds to launch SpaceX and invest more in Tesla.
Despite losing his position as CEO, Musk’s journey with PayPal proved to be a financial success. Furthermore, it allowed him to launch an entirely new company in the face of SpaceX.
6) SolarCity: Financial Struggles and Controversies
SolarCity was a solar energy company co-founded by Musk’s cousins and chaired by Musk. The project faced serious financial difficulties before its acquisition by Tesla in 2016. Despite its initial promise, SolarCity struggled to maintain profitability.
When Tesla acquired the company in 2016, the decision raised eyebrows among shareholders who saw it as a bailout rather than a strategic acquisition. Musk argued that SolarCity was crucial to Tesla’s vision of sustainable energy, but questions lingered over whether the deal had personal loyalty or business strategy behind it.
Legal controversies have since followed, with some shareholders accusing Musk of misusing Tesla’s resources to save a failing company. If anything, the SolarCity example highlights the importance of transparent business decisions and alignment between company vision and financial stability.
7) The Boring Company: Delays and Scaling Issues
The Boring Company was created to revolutionize urban transportation through underground tunnel systems. However, the company’s ambitious goals have been hindered by delays and scaling challenges. Although The Boring Company managed to complete a tunnel in Las Vegas, plans for larger projects in other cities have been slow to materialize.
Securing permits, navigating local government regulations, and ensuring the feasibility of such extensive tunneling projects have all proven difficult. Reports came out of some trouble brewing within The Boring Company. While The Boring Company remains active, its progress has been slower than what Musk originally envisioned.
He soon discovered that infrastructure requires cooperation with local authorities, community buy-in, and adaptability to regulatory challenges. The struggles of The Boring Company are a testament to the complexities of large-scale public infrastructure projects and another mark on the Elon Musk failures list.
8) Neuralink: Regulatory Challenges and Delays in Human Trials
Neuralink aims to integrate technology with the human brain, but its path has not been smooth. Initially, the company faced regulatory hurdles in the United States after killing 1,500 animals during testing. This significantly delays its ability to conduct human trials. Musk originally projected that Neuralink would begin human testing by 2020, but didn’t work out as planned.
Due to ethical concerns and regulatory oversight, Neuralink’s mission became uniquely challenging. It was no surprise that authorities were cautious about the potential risks of brain implant technology. In early 2024, Neuralink made the first human trial on Noland Arbaugh.
The initial results of the implant allowed Arbaugh to move a mouse with his thoughts and play video games with his friends. Alas, the effects slowly wore off over the next month due to some issues with the implant.
Neuralink’s experience illustrates the regulatory landscape’s complexity in pioneering fields and the need for patience in groundbreaking innovations.
9) OpenAI: Departure and Disagreement Over Mission
In 2015, Elon Musk co-founded OpenAI to create artificial intelligence that benefits humanity. However, he left the board in 2018 due to disagreements over OpenAI’s mission and management approach. Musk advocated for transparency and a cautious approach to AI development, fearing potential misuse.
OpenAI’s subsequent transition to a capped-profit model and its decision to license its technology to Microsoft clashed with Musk’s vision, prompting him to step away from the organization he helped build.
In 2022, the company launched ChatGPT, an advanced large language model that sparked a revolution in the AI field. At the time of writing, the company is valued at $157 billion. Musk’s response to OpenAI was the creation of Grok, an AI model created by his latest company called xAI.
Honorary Mention: The Path of Exile 2 Saga
This final entry to the list is not a business failure but it proved too entertaining to not include it among the Elon Musk failures.
Over the past few years, Elon Musk tried to establish himself as a top gamer. During a Joe Rogan podcast, he bragged about being a top Quake player back in the day. While that information might be unconfirmed, we do know that Musk played Quake and even participated in tournaments. In more recent events, Musk has focused on the action RPG genre of gaming and titles such as Diablo IV and Path of Exile 2.
In Diablo IV, Musk claimed that he was a top 20 player with some of the fastest clear times in the world. This argument was backed by his now ex-wife, the musician Grimes. However, Path of Exile 2 proved to be an entirely different beast. Elon Musk did multiple live streams, playing the newly-released game on hardcore. For anyone unfamiliar, “hardcore” is the highest difficulty mode in the game, and dying even once results in the total loss of your character. Despite that, Musk had more than one high-level character, with the highest reaching level 97 (out of 100).
Naturally, users started to question whether the world’s richest man had the time to spend hundreds of hours in PoE2. It wasn’t long before PoE2 streamer Quin69TV made a video about Elon’s playstyle, commenting that he lacked certain skills that would be expected from a player at his level. This led to more discussions surrounding the topic and accusations that Musk wasn’t the one leveling his characters. In the end, Musk admitted to account boosting, finally putting an end to this important debate.
In Musk’s defense, he never claimed that he was the one leveling up the characters. It was the best kind of spectacle, one with little to no importance and zero consequences but thoroughly enjoyed by everyone (except maybe Musk).
Closing Thoughts
Elon Musk’s career illustrates the highs and lows of ambitious entrepreneurship. While his ventures have achieved groundbreaking successes, they have also experienced considerable setbacks. From Tesla’s production woes to Neuralink’s regulatory challenges, Musk’s journey underscores that innovation and failure often go hand in hand.
FAQ
Why is Elon Musk considered successful despite his failures?
Musk’s willingness to take on ambitious, high-risk projects has led to transformative breakthroughs in electric vehicles, space travel, and renewable energy. His resilience and ability to learn from failure contribute to his reputation as a visionary entrepreneur.
What was the main challenge Tesla faced with Model 3 production?
Tesla encountered significant production delays and quality control issues while scaling production of the Model 3, resulting in what Musk referred to as “production hell.” These issues nearly derailed Tesla’s growth.
How did SpaceX survive after early rocket failures?
SpaceX faced near-bankruptcy after three failed Falcon 1 launches. A successful fourth launch, combined with a NASA contract, provided the financial boost needed to sustain the company and continue its mission.
What is the purpose of Neuralink?
Neuralink aims to create brain-computer interfaces but has encountered regulatory hurdles due to the ethical and safety concerns of implanting technology in the human brain.
Why did Elon Musk leave OpenAI?
Musk left OpenAI’s board due to differences in the company’s mission and approach. Particularly its decision to adopt a capped-profit model and partner with Microsoft, which conflicted with Musk’s emphasis on transparency.
