Threatware (malware, spyware) is a category of malicious computer programs designed to harm computers. The programs are spread by cybercriminals to wreak havoc and gain access to sensitive information. They include trojan horses, adware, rootkits, ransomware, worms, and keyloggers. Recently, ransomware has been in the news as hackers are using it to hold IT systems and data hostage.
Ransomware attacks on JBS Foods, Colonial Pipeline, and other major organizations made headlines earlier this year. Hackers exploit security weaknesses and hold the data of companies, governments, and organizations hostage, at times demanding tens of millions of dollars in payment.
Threatware can spread in different ways. Here are the most common:
If successful in infecting a network, threatware can spread quickly to devices like computers. Some malware types start encrypting files several days after being downloaded, while others download in segments to try and trick antivirus software.
Some sites and applications allow users to easily share files but offer little protection against threatware. Malware might be disguised as a movie, a game, or a program. Be extra careful when exchanging or downloading files.
Antivirus software detects, prevents, and eliminates malicious software in a computer. It scans files for malware before opening them. The software should be set to automatically update and perform regular scans so operating systems work efficiently.
Software updates are crucial because they often include patches to security holes. They remove outdated features and improve the stability of software. Outdated software is susceptible to malware infections and cyber concerns like ransomware.
Stop visiting unknown websites and clicking random links. Clickbait links (eye-catching links leading to websites) are sometimes used in phishing attacks, driving users to a different page where they unknowingly install malware or enter their personal information. Also, downloading files on unfamiliar sites–like pirated music videos or movies–can infect a system.
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